In the sns context, an important form of self presentation is self disclosure choi and bazarova, 2015, krasnova et al. The form further detailed how the researchers were planning to investigate the amount of selfdisclosure that individuals exhibit on their facebook profiles and in an effort to not rely solely on selfreport measures, the researchers would like to view the participants actual facebook profiles i. Ultimately, its a question of trust, which is a function of selfdisclosure. Respondents completed the jourard 40item selfdisclosure questrionnaire, the interpersonal dependency inventory, the recent life change questionnaire, and the revised ucla loneliness scale. The relationship between selfdisclosure style and attitudes to. The development of the selfdisclosure scale factor.
Methods participants 32 men and 30 women with schizophrenia spectrum disorders were examined. The topics of disclosure range from superficial details to very private, sensitive and personal information. Stai a study of the statetrait anxiety inventory stai and its application to noise stress. Effects of gender, gender role, and individualized trust. The therapists use of selfdisclosure demystifies both the therapist and the client. The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of a new measure of selfdisclosure. Group development, a key factor in treatment effectiveness, is discussed in virtually every introductory text on group psychotherapy. Building on the literature that approaches selfdisclosure as a decisionmaking. This requires a dropping of defenses, pretense, social performance and other protections against authenticity. Pdf patterns of selfdisclosure in psychotherapy and marriage. Sidney jourard used the concept of transparency to mean selfdisclosure. It is supposed to prepare people for the combats and joys of life. A validity study of the selfdisclosure questionnaire, 1974. With the concept of transparency, sidney jourard begins a tradition of research and theory on selfdisclosure.
The journal of the american academy of psychiatry and the law, 34, 6171. In the present paper, we outline two different methods to easily measure peoples behavioral self disclosure to webbased forms. Ucla loneliness scale, the jourard fortyitem selfdisclosure. Sidney was born in canada and educated at the university of toronto, where he took his m. However, disclosure done online has disparate features and thus its effects on relationships may also differ. Suicide often imparts highly stressful ramifications to those left behind. Sidney marshall jourard 19261974was a leading force in humanistic psychology, and a pioneer in the fields of selfdisclosure and bodyawareness. The inventory yields a grand disclosure score, 6 aspectdisclosure subscores, and 6. Sexual and physical contact were mentioned frequently in describing intimacy in heterosexual relationships, but rarely mentioned in describing relationships with members of ones own gender. If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation. Itemanalysis of jourards selfdisclosure questionnaire21. Jourard selfdisclosure questionnaire how is jourard. The psychometric properties support its feasibility as a research scale to measure selfdisclosure through online social network facebook.
Jsdq jourard selfdisclosure questionnaire psychology. Sidney jourard quotes quoteland quotations by author. Psychological intimacy in the lasting relationships of. This questionnaire was written in 1958 as part of a study of selfdisclosure by sidney m. We keep ourselves hidden and we do not disclose who we really are for fear of being rejected or shamed. The inventory yields a grand disclosure score, 6 aspect disclosure subscores, and 6 disclosure totarget subscores. Subjects, 184 undergraduate students, completed two scales, jourard s self disclosure scale jsdq 60 and the revised bems sexrole inventory bsri, in response to a target parent, either father or mother. Each unit increase in self disclosure increases the odds of sexual intercourse by 10% exp. A questionnaire which obtained actual selfdisclosure about five topicsinterests, personality, studies, body, and moneyand instruments which measured seven personality traits were. I became fascinated with selfdisclosure after puzzling about the. Selfdisclosure and wellbeing insight book, volume 17 by sidney m. Jourards 21item questionnaire was analyzed as an instrument for measuring the selfdisclosure of 331 undergraduates at three universities.
Several articles written by sidney for newspapers or. Attempted validation of the selfdisclosure inventory by the peernomination technique. Derlega, and alicia mathews, selfdisclosure in personal relationships, in the cambridge handbook of personal relationships, eds. Healthy personality and selfdisclosure sidney jourard. Participants 48 married, current psychotherapy patients, mean age 42 completed a 101item disclosure to therapist. Selfdisclosure is the act of revealing details about ourselves to others. A withingroups method with repeated measures was used to explore time pressure and task complexity, communication medium and individual perceptions of trust. One of the strengths of psychology and life, 16th edition is that we have had years to refine and develop an instructors manual that is comprehensive in scope and complementary in nature. Anger experiences, styles of anger expression, sadistic personality disorder, and psychopathy in juvenile sexual homicide offenders. The results showed that mens and womens emotional disclosures depended on their ethnicityculture, the.
A selfdisclosure inventory for adolescents lloyd w. Students also participated in a taped selfdisclosure exercise at the. Jourard believes that chronic selfconcealment contributes to malaise. This study compared patterns of self disclosure in psychotherapy and marriage. Sidney jourard was fascinated with the topic of selfdisclosure and the. Nov 18, 2014 is the excessive use of microblogs an internet addiction. The validity of the selfdisclosure inventory and of the theoretical framework in which jourard sets selfdisclosure was investigated. Selfdisclosure, the process of revealing personal information to other people, was examined as effected by gender, gender role, and individualized trust. Jourard selfdisclosure questionnaires sidney jourard. Aug 25, 2017 building on the literature that approaches selfdisclosure as a decisionmaking process, we proposed a selfreported sensitive information disclosure sid measure and tested the measures reliability and validity in two studies across a variety of interview modes and settings. Previous research on suicide survivors suss has demonstrated their being at high risk for developing anxiety and depression, including pathological complicated grief cg.
A questionnaire which obtained actual selfdisclosure about five topicsinterests, personality, studies, body, and moneyand instruments which measured seven personality traits were administered to 52 ss. Ahmed belkaouiconceptual foundations of management accounting. Jourard believes that chronic selfconcealment contributes to malaise and disease of all kinds. But you dont need to read books to know how trust works. Selfdisclosure is on a continuum, and the healthy personality has the ability to discern what is appropriate and what is not.
This is the first book devoted exclusively to this process. Adult attachment and self disclosure on sns in social interaction, appropriate self disclosure can reinforce the closeness among individuals derlega et al. Jourard s 21item questionnaire was analyzed as an instrument for measuring the selfdisclosure of 331 undergraduates at three universities. A study was conducted to investigate the relationship of the jourard selfdisclosure inventory jsdi to 1 nonverbal behavior and 2 actual disclosure validation of the jsdi as measured by the number of words and speaking time. The present study examined the self disclosure of socially anxious and depressedmood women students within the context of a facetoface dyadic interaction. Thats a basic tenant of human communication, first researched and proved by psychologists like sidney jourard and john powell. The transparent self self disclosure and well being by. We used theory to identify potential dimensions of sensitive information disclosures, created potential scale items. Sixtyseven male and fiftyone female college students from various fraternity and sorority organizations were used as subjects. The jourard sixtyitem selfdisclosure questionnaire.
Yet, there is surprisingly little research on this topic compared to the voluminous research that exists on self disclosure in general. What follows is the most complete and comprehensive chronological listing of sidney jourard s professional publications currently available. However, selfdisclosure is different from impression management or. Sixtyseven male and fiftyone female college students. The process of self disclosure through display of personal possessions, like the process of revealing personal information that builds intimacy in the course of dating jourard 1979, was seen to increase vulnerability. Anonymity forms an integral and important part of our digital life. Adult attachment and selfdisclosure on social networking. Is the excessive use of microblogs an internet addiction. In five studies and using primes emulating facebook timelines and messages, we compared the effects of disclosure depth on intimacy and satisfaction in online vs.
An experimental analysis of the transparent self jourard, sidney m on. Two hundred four college students were given a selfdisclosure inventory. An investigation of high and low selfdisclosers scores on the. People are increasingly required to disclose personal information to computer and internetbased systems in order to register, identify themselves or simply for the system to work as designed. Extended self and possessions in the workplace journal of. Selfdisclosure scale esds for four disclosure recipients. The development of a selfdisclosure inventory designed for use with adolescents is described. How i made money podcasting and why you probably dont want. Self disclosure is a big part of humanistic psychology. Selfdisclosure questionnaire lc linked data service. Sadistic personality disorder and comorbid mental illness in adolescent psychiatric inpatients. Because we feel that way we present ourselves as someone.
Development and application of a selfreport measure for assessing. The body language of selfdisclosure by duane connett. Relationship between selfdisclosure to first acquaintances. Paradoxically, we fail to disclose ourselves to other people because we want so much to be loved. Most research on the effects of disclosure on close relationships have been done using offline disclosure. You cannot collaborate with another person toward some common end unless you know him. By using the features of snss, users can share their positive life events, such as holiday experiences as well as career or sport. Jourard selfdisclosure inventory sd60the sd60 was used by jourard in early studies cf. Development and application of a selfreport measure for. The inventory yields a grand disclosure score, 6 aspectdisclosure subscores, and 6 disclosuretotarget subscores.
Topics of the sixtyitem selfdisclosure sidney jourard. Jourard selfdisclosure questionnaire listed as jsdq. Selfdisclosure by students was measured over an entire semester, by means of a revised version of the jourard selfdisclosure inventory. Disclosures by parents living with hiv of their hiv status to their children were examined in three ways. The inventory yields a grand disclosure score, 6 aspect disclosure subscores, and 6. It enables us to express our true selves without the fear of judgment. Ournal of experimental social psychology 7,89400 1971 reciprocal selfdisclosure in a dyad howard j. Elsewhere it has been argued that the interpersonal view of test responses has much to commend it, not the least of which is the likelihood that this is the. Richman, factors in the self disclosure inputs of college students, merrillpalmer quarterly of behavior and development, 9 1963 141148. Seven selfdisclosure scores were obtained from the questionnaire, one depth rating for each topic, a total depth score sum of the five topic depth ratings, and an amount of disclosure. The battery of tests included the california psychological inventory and adjective. Jourards selfdisclosure theory is a therapeutic model of humanistic treatment where total disclosure is encouraged between the client and the therapist. Alpha coefficients of internal consistency indicated that the sdq21 was acceptably reliable. The questionnaire may be used or modified by researchers without written permission.
Pdf the selfdisclosure and selfpresentation views of item. Business consumer education consumer research decision making decisionmaking deterrence strategy financial misrepresentation financial misrepresentations flexible response strategy government regulation of business identity theft industry regulations. A study of two modes of interpersonal encounter and their interrelation sidney m. It contains ten statements in each of six topic areas. Let us look at it, however, in light of the fact that one out of.
The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of a new measure of self disclosure. Jourard s book is an excellent example of the rules that we live by. The validity of the self disclosure inventory and of the theoretical framework in which jourard sets self disclosure was investigated. Jourard in the transparent self defines selfdisclosure as making ourselves transparent to others through our communicationi. The family is the civilian equivalent of marine boot camp.
Selfdisclosure questionnaires sidney jourard was fascinated with the topic of selfdisclosure and the. Jourards theory states that people do not know themselves. Pdf scale development of selfdisclosure through online. Testretest reliability of the msdq was examined in a sample of 41 participants over a twoweek period r. This study investigates the relationship between selfdisclosure and attitudes to responsibility accounting. Self disclosure, physical contact, sexual contact, sharing activities, mutual appreciation of the other, and warmth emerged as the major themes. In this volume, virginia brabender and april fallon chronicle the rich history of group development research, survey modern theories of group development, and introduce their fivestage model of group. Jourard s 21item questionnaire was analyzed as an instrument for measuring the self disclosure of 331 undergraduates at three universities. The development of a self disclosure inventory designed for use with adolescents is described. The impact of the interaction on their partners affect and acceptance was also explored. The likelihoodratio chisquare test indicates a that the addition of self disclosure adds significantly to the fit of the sexual intercourse model p self disclosure jourard, 1964 and the examiner may view it as an opportunity for impression management goffman, 1959. Questionnaire, and the interpersonal dependency inventory.
Objective focusing on people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders living in the community, the present study aims to examine the characteristics of and gender differences in self disclosure to first acquaintances, and to clarify the relationship between self disclosure and subjective wellbeing. An experimental analysis of the transparent self by jourard, sidney m and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at. Resnick, some effects of self disclosure among college women, journal of humanistic psychology, 10 1970 8493. Satisfying physical needs is essential for our physical functioning and survival. Eric is an online library of education research and information, sponsored by the institute of education sciences ies of the u. When used in conjunction with psychology and life, 16th edition, we believe that your classroom experience will be an immensely rewarding one for both you. A method for indexing the degree of circumspection or differentiation exercised in self disclosure is suggested. Personality correlates of actual selfdisclosure darhl m. Undergraduate participants n 293 completed the jourard selfdisclosure scale jourard, 1971b, the bem sex role inventory. An experimental analysis of the transparent self paperback january 1, 1979 by sidney m jourard author visit amazons sidney m jourard page. A method for indexing the degree of circumspection or differentiation exercised in selfdisclosure is suggested.
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